120 5 CHAPTER 5 12 | GOODARZI et al. from a time period in which the IOL rate has increased, which may have impacted the outcomes of this study. 4.5 | Conclusions This nationwide longitudinal retrospective cohort study in a healthy Dutch pregnant population showed that the probability of TM differed among subgroups of women depending on which determinants were considered and the number of determinants included. These results indicate that a routine approach using single determinants may result in underestimation or overestimation of probabilities of TM, leading to overuse or underuse of IOL. A VBHC strategy, addressing social inequity, and investing in better screening and diagnostic methods that employ an individualized and multi-determinant approach may be more effective at preventing fetal and neonatal mortality. ETHICAL APPROVAL Ethical approval was requested from the Medical Ethics Review Committee of VU University Medical Centre. The approval was waived because the Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act did not apply to this study (reference number 2020140). DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT The data that support the findings of this study are available from Perined. Restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for this study. Data are available from the author(s) with the permission of Perined. ORCID Bahareh Goodarzi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9758-1299 Neel Shah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8971-7627 REFERENCES 1. Knight HE, Cromwell DA, Gurol-Urganci I, Harron K, van der Meulen JH, Smith GCS. Perinatal mortality associated with induction of labour versus expectant management in nulliparous women aged 35 years or over: an English national cohort study. PLoS Medicine. 2017;14(11):e1002425. doi:10.1371/journ al.pmed.1002425 2. Flenady V, Koopmans L, Middleton P, et al. Major risk factors for stillbirth in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2011;377(9774):1331-1340. doi:10.1016/ S0140-6736(10)62233-7 3. Schimmel MS, Bromiker R, Hammerman C, et al. The effects of maternal age and parity on maternal and neonatal outcome. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2015;291(4):793-798. doi:10.1007/s0040 4-014-3469-0 4. Glantz JC. Why not induce everyone at 39 weeks? Birth. 2017;44(2):97-100. doi:10.1111/birt.12275 5. El Marroun H, Zou R, Leeuwenburg MF, et al. Association of gestational age at birth with brain morphometry. JAMA Pediatr. 2020;174(12):1149. doi:10.1001/jamapediat rics.2020.2991 6. Al-Zirqi I, Daltveit AK, Forsén L, Stray-Pedersen B, Vangen S. Risk factors for complete uterine rupture. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216(2):165.e1-165.e8. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2016.10.017 7. Al-Zirqi I, Vangen S, Forsén L, Stray-Pedersen B. Effects of onset of labor and mode of delivery on severe postpartum hemorrhage. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009;201(3):273.e1-273.e9. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2009.06.007 8. Pergialiotis V, Vlachos D, Protopapas A, Pappa K, Vlachos G. Risk factors for severe perineal lacerations during childbirth. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2014;125(1):6-14. doi:10.1016/j.ijgo. 2013.09.034 9. Coates R, Cupples G, Scamell A, McCourt C. Women’s experiences of induction of labour: qualitative systematic review and thematic synthesis. Midwifery. 2019;69:17-28. doi:10.1016/j. midw.2018.10.013 10. Dahlen HG, Thornton C, Downe S, et al. Intrapartum interventions and outcomes for women and children following induction of labour at term in uncomplicated pregnancies: a 16-year population-based linked data study. BMJ Open. 2021;11(6):e047040. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047040 11. Miller S, Abalos E, Chamillard M, et al. Beyond too little, too late and too much, too soon: a pathway towards evidence-based, respectful maternity care worldwide. Lancet. 2016;388(10056):2176-2192. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31472-6 12. Ravelli ACJ, Tromp M, Eskes M, et al. Ethnic differences in stillbirth and early neonatal mortality in The Netherlands. J Epidemiol Community Heal. 2011;65(8):696-701. doi:10.1136/ jech.2009.095406 13. Jørgensen T, Mortensen LH, Nybo Andersen A-M. Social inequality in fetal and perinatal mortality in the Nordic countries. Scand J Public Health. 2008;36(6):635-649. doi:10.1177/1403494808089653 14. Muglu J, Rather H, Arroyo-Manzano D, et al. Risks of stillbirth and neonatal death with advancing gestation at term: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies of 15 million pregnancies. PLoS Medicine. 2019;16(7):e1002838. doi:10.1371/ journal.pmed.1002838 15. Perined Perined. https://www.perined.nl/. Accessed February 15, 2021. 16. Perined. Privacy statement. Published March 2, 2020. https:// www.perined.nl/privacy-perined/privacy-statement. Accessed April 2, 2020. 17. Basso O. Implications of using a fetuses-at-risk approach when fetuses are not at risk. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2016;30(1):3- 10. doi:10.1111/ppe.12254 18. Kramer MS. Analysis of perinatal mortality and its components: time for a change? Am J Epidemiol. 2002;156(6):493-497. doi:10.1093/aje/kwf077 19. Joseph KS, Kramer MS. The fetuses-at-risk approach: survival analysis from a fetal perspective. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2018;97(4):454-465. doi:10.1111/aogs.13194 20. Rouhani S Intersectionality-informed quantitative research: A primer. Published online 2014. https://www.ifsee.ulaval.ca/ sites/ifsee.ulaval.ca/files/9eba2da23ab70bfadd9ca2e076af4a 3a62cc.pdf. Accessed February 15, 2022. 21. Bauer GR. Incorporating intersectionality theory into population health research methodology: challenges and the potential to advance health equity. Soc Sci Med. 2014;110:10-17. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.03.022
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjY0ODMw