126 Chapter 5 Pictures of parents and their adolescent child were taken during the lab visit in front of a white wall. We asked adolescent to look into the camera with a friendly, but neutral facial expression. The pictures of the unfamiliar child condition (a white adolescent girl and a white adolescent boy) derived from the Radboud Faces Database (Langner et al., 2010), and were selected based on age (between 11 and 17 years) and gender. The sentences used in the task derived from a separate pilot experiment in an independent sample of young adults. The aim of the pilot study was to select a set of sentences (16 out of 30) in which we validated whether the physically and socially unpleasant sentences were comparable in negativity, self-reported negative affect for self and other, and the ability of people to vividly imagine and empathize with the situations (see Supplement S5.1-B). Physically and socially unpleasant sentences were matched on letter, word and syllable count. The task took about ± 11 minutes in total. Figure 5.1 Displays and timings of a socially unpleasant trial for the unfamiliar child perspective. Pictures of the unfamiliar boy and girl derived from the Radboud Faces Database (Langner et al., 2010). Parental care To assess parental care from the perspective of the child, participants’ adolescent children filled out the care subscale of the parental bonding instrument (PBI) prior to the first assessment day (Parker et al., 1979). Adolescents were asked to report on perceived parenting styles of their mother and father separately. The PBI care subscale consists of 12 items that were scored on a Likert scale from 0 (very like) to 3 (very unlike). Examples of items were “My mother/father speaks
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