40 Chapter 2 unfamiliar child, unfamiliar adult; Figure 2.4-B, Supplement S2.6). For self versus all others (i.e., own child, unfamiliar, child unfamiliar adult), parents exhibited significantly larger deactivations in left IFG, left precentral gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus/TPJ, and right SFG/dmPFC (p <.001 for all). They exhibited significantly decreased deactivation for self versus an unfamiliar child (p <.001) and adult (p <.001) in opercular part of right IFG and an increased BOLD-response for self versus others (own child, p = .002; unfamiliar child, p <.001; unfamiliar adult, p <.001) in triangular part of right IFG and for self versus an unfamiliar child (p <.001) and adult (p <.001) in left middle/inferior occipital gyrus. BOLD-responses in left middle/inferior occipital gyrus and opercular part of right IFG did not significantly differ between own child and self, suggesting that these regions were more sensitive to (personally) familiar faces versus unfamiliar faces. Finally, we examined whether parents who gazed more towards the eye region of targets showed differential neural responses to direct minus averted gaze videos of the targets. We performed regression analyses in SPM for each target separately and tested whether the average percentage of dwell time within the eye region of each target was associated with parents’ neural responses to eye contact with each target (Δdirect minus averted gaze trials). These analyses revealed no evidence for neural responses increasing with time spent looking at the eye region after correction for multiple comparisons.
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