5 109 PERSONALIZED MONITORING AND FEEDBACK studies provide guidance for risk assessment and treatment of individuals with a history of sexual offenses, causal inferences derived from network analysis based on grouplevel data do not translate directly to the intra-individual (person) level (Fisher et al., 2018; van den Berg et al., 2020, van den Berg et al., 2022). As a result, the application of these findings to individual cases remains to be explored. Our hypothesis is that the use of experience sampling method (ESM; Kuppens & Myin-Germeys, 2022) could be a helpful methodological approach in this regard. ESM is an intensive longitudinal research methodology based on a structured self‐report diary technique. In a clinical context, it allows patients and therapists to investigate behavioral, psychological, and contextual features in a real‐world context (Csikszentmihalyi & Larson, 1987; MyinGermeys et al., 2018; Myin-Germeys & Kuppens, 2022; Stone & Shiffman, 1994). Timeseries data obtained from extended periods of ESM monitoring (i.e., weeks, months) can be used to detect patterns in the dynamic course of psychopathology in individuals, for example as displayed through bar graphs, time series plots, or network graphs (i.e., link charts or node-link diagrams) (Piccirillo, Beck, & Rodebaugh, 2019; Wichers, 2014). Personalized visualizations of patterns of interrelated risk-relevant features might help generate hypotheses and thus inform forensic case formulation (Burger et al., 2020; Epskamp, van Borkulo et al., 2018; Kroeze at al., 2017; van den Berg et al., 2018; van den Berg et al., 2020; van den Berg et al., 2022; van den Bergh et al., 2022; Von Klipstein et al., 2020). Findings of qualitative studies on psychological symptoms suggest that ESM indeed can help improve treatments by creating a shared insight and awareness of factors causing and perpetuating the psychopathology of an individual (Bos et al., 2020; Frumkin et al., 2021). Some preliminary findings, based on a single case (Hillbrand & Waite, 1994), suggest this approach to be feasible and valuable in gathering information on mood states and sexual thought content. Also, an earlier ESM study in institutionalized forensic psychiatric patients, using mobile devices to assess mood and psychotic symptoms in their normal daily routines, found a high compliance rate (Habets et al., 2022). Although not focusing specifically on dynamic risk factors, the study by Habets and colleagues (2022) illustrates the potential of applying ESM method, using mobile devices, to explore the associations among psychological, behavioral, and contextual variables in forensic populations. However, thus far, the use of ESM as an add-on tool for psychological treatment has not yet been explored in men with a history of sexual offenses. To contribute to closing this research gap, the current study examined the feasibility of using ESM to generate personalized visualizations of interrelated risk-relevant features in a small sample of patients with a history of sexual offenses. More precisely, the current study investigated both the added value to forensic case formulation and the process of collecting personalized information regarding interrelated risk-relevant features. For this purpose, we combined traditional forensic case formulation with ESM monitoring. That is, participant and therapist collaboratively explored possible
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjY0ODMw