5 123 PERSONALIZED MONITORING AND FEEDBACK Fifth, one of the strengths in this study is the blended ESM procedure of participants and therapists collaboratively searching for possible risk-relevant features, forming hypotheses about these features’ interrelationship, monitoring them by the participant, and discussing the resulting feedback report. However, due to this combined approach, the role and impact of specific components cannot be distinguished. 5.4.2 FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS Our study will hopefully provide a starting point for future research on the added value of network analyses to forensic case formulation and the effects of the ESM methodology in adult men with a history of sexual offenses. Future studies will preferably use a larger sample size with more diversity in participant characteristics (i.e., gender, age, cultural and ethnic background), and include the assessment of the experiences and opinions of involved therapists regarding the added value of the ESM methodology. In addition, future research could compare different ESM protocols or components of the blended ESM procedure used in this study. Research questions could, for example, focus on the impact of study duration, measurement frequency, the method in which ESM questions are personalized, the process of item selection, and different types and formats of feedback reports. 5.4.3 CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The findings described in this chapter may, if corroborated by replication with representative samples, inspire clinicians to further explore the use of ESM in clinical work with adult men with a history of sexual offenses. ESM methodology could be integrated in the treatment process by systematically collecting data on the impact and effectiveness of treatments in everyday clinical practice; for example, as part of routine outcome monitoring (ROM; de Beurs et al., 2011). This might be accomplished by operationalizing dynamic risk factors in such a manner that they have sufficient within-subject variability to capture fluctuations within six months, a week, or even a day. The blended ESM methodology may potentially enhance current individual and group therapies by increasing awareness of personal patterns in the dynamic course of riskrelevant features and of their possible associations with the risk of sexual reoffending. Which in turn results, hopefully, in improved forensic treatment and increased desistence of men with a history of sexual offenses. 5.5 CONCLUSION The blended ESM procedure showcased in this study increased understanding of patterns of participants’ own interrelated risk-relevant features and their (probable) relationship with sexual reoffending. Obtaining personalized information through this
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