6 134 CHAPTER 6 2016; van den Berg et al., 2022). See for example the network of dynamic risk factors presented in Figure 6.4, where adventurous pleasure seeking has a relatively stronger influence on the network activity compared to impulsive behavior due to its higher number of causal connections. Within the NBM-RSR, dynamic risk factors with relatively higher numbers and stronger connections are described as having a more central position, or higher centrality. Theoretically, a dynamic risk factor can further be influential by forming a connection between two or more communities of dynamic risk factors, called a bridge (e.g., low satisfaction from work in Figure 6.4). Increased risk of sexual reoffending Tipping point Figure 6.3 Visual representation of networks of dynamic risk factors with distinct levels of risk of sexual reoffending (increasing in risk from left to right). Sustained change in risk occurs when network activity exceeds a critical point (referred to as a tipping point). Figure and legend adapted with permission from “Understanding the Risk of Sexual Reoffending in Adult Men: A NetworkBased Model,” by J. W. van den Berg et al., 2023, Sexual Abuse, p. 8. Advance online publication. Copyright © 2023 by the Author(s). 6.2.2.2 Communities of dynamic risk factors Dynamic risk factors with strong causal interrelations group together, forming a community of risk factors (van den Berg et al., 2022). Based on previous findings, the NBM-RSR includes communities of dynamic risk factors relevant to sexual self-regulation, (ability to establish and maintain) emotionally intimate relationships, antisociality, and general self-regulation (Figure 6.5; Brouillette-Alarie et al., 2016; Hanson & Morton-Bourgon, 2005; Malamuth, 1986; Malamuth, 2003; Malamuth & Hald, 2016; Malamuth et al., 1995; Olver et al., 2022; Stinson & Becker, 2013; Stinson et al., 2016; Stinson et al., 2008; Thornton, 2002; Thornton, 2013; van den Berg et al., 2020; van den Berg et al., 2022). In contrast with Thornton’s SRA model (2002, 2013), in which pro-offending attitudes are a separate domain, within the NBM-RSR these attitudes form a dynamic risk factor together with other risk-relevant behavioral and psychological features and are part of one of the four communities. For example, the dynamic risk factor hostility towards women emerging from the causal interactions of hostile beliefs about women, anger, and violent behavior towards women will be part of the community emotionally intimate relationships.
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