6 135 NETWORK-BASED MODEL OF RISK OF SEXUAL REOFFENDING Dysfuntional self-esteem Grievance thinking Sexualized violence Low satisfaction from work Adventurous pleasure seeking Impulsive behavior Procriminal attitudes Figure 6.4 Fictional self-sustaining network of dynamic risk factors representing the risk of sexual reoffending of a man convicted for a series of violent rapes, with low satisfaction from work forming a bridge between two communities of dynamic risk factors. Figure and legend adapted with permission from “Understanding the Risk of Sexual Reoffending in Adult Men: A NetworkBased Model,” by J. W. van den Berg et al., 2023, Sexual Abuse, p. 9. Advance online publication. Copyright © 2023 by the Author(s). 6.2.3 THE IMPACT ON RISK OF VARIABLES IN THE EXTERNAL FIELD Risk of sexual reoffending is caused by a network of interrelated dynamic risk factors in interaction with variables outside this network, or “the external field” (Borsboom, 2017; Borsboom et al., 2019). In the NBM-RSR, variables in the external field include biological factors (e.g., genetics, brain structures, hormone levels), (early) life experiences (e.g., childhood sexual abuse or neglect), sociocultural factors (e.g., being part of a hostile masculine (sub)culture or sexualized environment, legal variables), situational factors (e.g., access to potential victims, absence of a guardian, changes in employment), and psychological and behavioral factors (such as human agency, motivation for treatment, intelligence, extraversion, level of social emotional development). The distinction between dynamic risk factors and factors in the external field is their respectively direct or indirect relationship with future sexual offending behavior. The influence between dynamic risk factors and variables in the external field can be mutual. For example, unintentional contact with a boy (situational factor) might trigger deviant sexual interest in a man with a history of sexual offenses against children. And, vice versa, deviant sexual interest in boys might lead to attempts to increase contact with potential victims. However, causal relationships between variables in the external field and dynamic risk
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjY0ODMw