1 28 CHAPTER 1 Table 1.1: Overview of promising and empirically supported dynamic risk factors related to sexual reoffending. Domain Subdomain Meta-analytic results S = Empirically-supported P = Promising Sexual interests Sexual preoccupation • Sexual preoccupation (S) • Multiple paraphilias (S) • Sexualized coping (P) • Intense impersonal sexual interests • Sexual coping • Diverse sexual outlets Offense-related sexual interests • Sexual interest in children (S) • Sexualized violence (P) • Sexual interest in prepubescent and pubescent children • Sexualized violence Distorted attitudes Victim schema • Pro-offending schema about classes of potential victims (e.g., children or women) • Pro-offending attitudes (S) • Pro-child molestation attitudes (S) • Pro-rape attitudes (S) • Generic sexual offending attitudes (S) Note that there was insufficient data to look at the predictiveness of more specific attitudes, although all three SRA categories coincided with at least one of the broader categories used in the metaanalyses Rights schema • Excessive sense of entitlement Means schema • Machiavellianism • Violent world schema Relational style Inadequate relational style • Emotional congruence with children (S) • Painfully low self-esteem was found consistently predictive in the United Kingdom, but not in other jurisdictions. • Narcissistic self-esteem hasn’t been examined in recidivism studies • Dysfunctional self-esteem (inadequate or narcissistic) • Emotional congruence with children Lack of emotionally intimate adult relationships • Lack of sustained marital type relationships (S) • Marital relationships marred by repeated violence/infidelity (S) • Lack of sustained marital type relationships • Relationships marred by violence/ infidelity Aggressive relational style • Callousness (P) • Grievance thinking (S) • Callousness • Grievance thinking Selfmanagement Social deviance • Childhood behavior problems (S) • Juvenile delinquency (S) • Non-sexual offenses (S) • Non-compliance with supervision (S) • Violation of conditional release (S) • Antisocial personality disorder (S) • Impulsivity/recklessness (S) • Employment instability (S) • Early onset and pervasive resistance to rules and supervision • Lifestyle impulsiveness Dysfunctional coping in response to stress/problems • Poor coping (externalizing) (P) • Poor problem-solving • Poor emotional control Promising: significant predictive value found in at least one study and other relevant supportive evidence; Supported: significant predictive value found through meta-analytically integration of at least three studies (Mann et al., 2010; Thornton, 2002; Thornton, 2013).
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