Proefschrift

140 7 CHAPTER 7 The societal contribution of our research is a framework and implementation concept for Human Oversight that would lead to a proper allocation of accountability in the decisionmaking of the deployment of an Autonomous Weapon System and it might be possible to attribute responsibility for the actions taken by the weapon system by identifying the supervisor of these actions. This thereby contributes to decreasing the likelihood of unintended consequences in the deployment of Autonomous Weapon Systems. 7.5 POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS In this section we collect the policy recommendations that we have made throughout this dissertation. By summarizing them, we provide an overview for policy makers and other stakeholders. Based on our research we would like to make several recommendations: • The first relates to the introduction of autonomy in Autonomous Weapon Systems which has implications on the military control mechanisms, mainly in the sociotechnical layer during deployment of an Autonomous Weapon System. This may require reformation of the military control instruments. These implications might lead to new training methods for military personnel for them to have the capacity (knowledge and skills) to responsibly deploy these weapons, but might also lead to new institutions and design methods, for example Value-Sensitive Design in military engineering, as control mechanisms in the governance layer. • The second is that value deliberation using the Value Deliberation process could be beneficial in other areas than Autonomous Weapon Systems for policy making and citizen participation in local and national public administration. For example, to get citizen views on a municipal plan for the redevelopment of a local park or on a national level get input for nitrogen reduction policy. The application of the online Value Deliberation process method is not limited to Autonomous Weapon Systems and can be used in other areas as well. • The third recommendation is regarding the feedback process of the Comphrensive Human Oversight Framework. The monitoring, responding and acting on the outcome of the review process can be done by an article 36 weapon review committee. Several countries have an article 36 reviewing procedure in place to conduct weapon reviews when new weapons and methods or means of warfare are studied, developed, acquired or adopted. The aim of the article 36 weapon review is to monitor the development of weapons by reference to its obligations under international humanitarian law by a State, but very few countries have a formal review mechanism in place and the format and responsibilities of the reviewing

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