26 CHAPTER 1 1 1.4 OUTLINE OF THESIS This thesis consists of five parts of which the introduction is part I. The remainder of this thesis is structured according to the phases of the Value-Sensitive Design approach and reads as follows: Part II: Conceptual investigation phase In chapter 2 the relevant literature on decision-making processes in AI, architectures for ethical decision-making in AI, autonomy, Autonomous Weapon Systems, values, values related to Autonomous Weapon Systems and value hierarchy as a Design for Values approach is reviewed. Parts of this chapter have been published in Verdiesen (2017) and Verdiesen, De Sio, and Dignum (2019). In chapter 3 we present the Comprehensive Human Oversight Framework by describing the layers and the connections between them and identifying gaps in the control mechanisms. To mitigate these gaps, we applied the Glass Box framework on the Comprehensive Human Oversight Framework. We conclude chapter 3 by closing the gap from the review stage back to the interpretation stage by means of a feedback process. Parts of this chapter have been published in Verdiesen, De Sio, and Dignum (2019) and Verdiesen, Aler Tubella, and Dignum (2021). Part III: Empirical investigation phase In chapter 4 we describe the empirical investigation phase of our research which consists of conducting expert interviews, the Value Deliberation Process as a means to elicitate values and validating the results by consulting experts. For reflection and validation, we discussed the Comphrensive Human Oversight Framework and aspects of drone deployments during interviews and an extra round of validation was conducted by inviting experts- who had not been part of the expert panel- to reflect on the findings of the value elicitation. Parts of this chapter have been published in Verdiesen and Dignum (2022). Part IV: Technical investigation phase In chapter 5 we present the implementation concept for operationalising the Glass Box framework. After introducing the scenario, we describe Coloured Petri Nets: a discrete-event language for modelling synchronisation concurrency and communication processes that we used to model the implementation concept. We conclude with remarks on validating the implementation concept. Parts of this chapter have been published in Verdiesen, Aler Tubella, and Dignum (2021).
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