82 3 CHAPTER 3 Three interconnected steps are identified in a feedback loop: 1) sharing information, 2) giving feedback, and 3) taking action and communicate back. These steps can be achieved by applying a Five-Point Systems Framework described by Gigler et al. (2014) that holds five components: purpose, people, process, tools and environment. Purpose describes the broader ends that feedback tries to facilitate. It is a critical component for a feedback system, it shapes performance expectations for those providing, responding and evaluating the feedback so that the architecture of the feedback systems facilitates the objectives. The people component relates to choosing who can participate. Selecting participants is a trade-off between inclusivity and complexity. It should identify the roles and responsibilities of all stakeholders within the feedback loop. This includes not only the people providing feedback, but also considering who is monitoring, responding and acting on feedback. The selection of involved actors can have socio-political implications and might alter the power dynamics of stakeholders. Process is about developing rules and norms for engaging those who provide feedback. The process should describe the type and frequency of feedback, how it will be integrated and the organizational capacity that is needed to manage the feedback mechanism. Choosing the right tools will help to expand reach and ensure inclusiveness. Tools can be no tech, low tech and high tech depending on the environment and people that need to be reached. Environment encompasses the formal and informal societal norms that can increase the inclusiveness of the process. One of the greatest challenges is catalysing and sustaining motivation to participate in feedback mechanisms. Creating an inclusive environment can help to prevent participation fatigue which might occur when participation is not reflected in the final policy or product. Closing the feedback loop requires an organizational effort and capacity in order to implement sustainable, inclusive and efficient feedback (Gigler et al., 2014). In this section the Five-Point Systems Framework is applied to the Comprehensive Human Oversight Framework to describe the five components needed to close the feedback loop (red arrow [3] in Figure 12). We conclude this section with recommendations for further research to validate the feedback loop. 1. Purpose The purpose of the feedback system from the accountability process during the review stage of the Comprehensive Human Oversight Framework is to ensure that the lessons and recommendations from the review stage will be incorporated in the interpretation stage before deployment of an Autonomous Weapon System in a next iteration. The feedback can be incorporated in the elicitation of values in the governance layer (block 2 of Figure 12), the derivation of norms from these values in the socio-technical layer (block 2 of Figure 12) or requirements in the technical layer for an autonomous system (block 3 of Figure 12).
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