88 3 CHAPTER 3 conduct the AAR, which is a form of professional accountability, and a third-party auditing committee, which is a form of administrative accountability. Monitoring, responding and acting is done by an article 36 review committee after the updated technical requirement(s) and modifications are implemented in the system. 3) Process: the process that is followed is the internal AAR process based on the Battle Damage Assessment, the investigation process of the third-party auditing committee, the change process for the technical modification of the Autonomous Weapon System and the article 36 review process to assess the Autonomous Weapon System before it is deployed again. 4) Tools: High tech ICT tools are used for the investigation, auditing, technical modification and reviewing of the findings. 5) Environment: in this case the stakeholders are the Ministry of Defense, the auditing committee and the industry providing the software and Autonomous Weapon System. This toy example shows that the Five-Point Systems feedback loop can be applied to the case of an Autonomous Weapon System. Depending on the finding for which the feedback loop is conducted, different people, process and environment are relevant and need to be considered as part of the feedback system. Validation The Five-Point Systems Framework described by Gigler et al. (2014, p. 219) is based on lessons learned from their literature review and World Bank practice. Both qualitative and quantitative research was conducted to ground their Five-Point Systems Framework within the context of current practices at the World Bank (Gigler et al., 2014, p. 236) and recommendations are given for future technology-enabled citizen feedback initiatives (Gigler et al., 2014, p. 260-264). Despite the qualitative and quantitative research to ground the Five-Point Systems Framework by Gigler et al. (2014), this is the first time that the framework has been applied to close the feedback loop of the Comprehensive Human Oversight Framework and applied to the case of Autonomous Weapon Systems. Although merely being a toy example described above, it seems that the Five-Point Systems feedback loop can be applied to the case of an Autonomous Weapon System. However, for academic rigor the Five-Point Systems Framework applied to the Comprehensive Human Oversight Framework and the case of Autonomous Weapon Systems should be validated and evaluated in future work to verify if it holds and to evaluate it.
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