97 4 VALUE DELIBERATION Figure 14: Value deliberation process differentiated in survey and expert online session (adapted from: Pigmans, 2020) 4.5 SCENARIO AND OPTIONS The following scenario was used throughout the survey to describe the situation: An Autonomous Weapon System provides force protection for soldiers that are clearing the road from improvised explosive devices. The Autonomous Weapon System is equipped with surveillance equipment, weapons (airto-ground missiles) and flies autonomously in the Area of Operation. It is programmed to avoid flying over a restricted operating zone and an electronic warfare threat. The Autonomous Weapon System is equipped with facial and image recognition software for people, weapons and explosives. It is programmed with different options to engage when it recognizes a threat to the soldiers that are clearing the road. The Autonomous Weapon System detects movement behind a large rock near a narrow part of the road at a distance of 300 meters of the road clearance soldiers. After reading this scenario the participants read the options (the alternatives) each in turn and were asked to list an advantage and disadvantage per option (the arguments). These options were developed based on the military and technical domain knowledge of the primary researcher and discussed with a second researcher. During the pilot study these options were tested before using them in the actual study. The options presented to the participants are: A. The Autonomous Weapon System identifies weapons aimed at the road clearing soldiers using image recognition. The Autonomous Weapon System warns the soldiers of the movement and takes no further action. B. The Autonomous Weapon System identifies weapons aimed at the road clearing soldiers using image recognition. The Autonomous Weapon System asks permission to engage to neutralize the threat to the road clearance soldiers.
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