99 3 not indicate any ethnic group or Christian/Muslim religion were coded with zero on ethnic or Christian and Muslim in-group favouritism, respectively. Table 2 shows the descriptive statistics of our in-group favouritism variables. Table 1. Mots common ethnic and religious identification per migration background Ethnic Religious Migration background Dutch Other Muslim Christian N Netherlands 98% 0% 31% 308 Turkey 53% Turkish: 81% / Kurdish: 2% 63% 3% 201 Morocco 48% Moroccan: 55% / Berber: 24% 63% 0% 136 Surinam 63% Surinamese: 44% / Hindustani: 31% 7% 15% 251 Other 9 Total 905 The respondents could answer one or two ethnic groups, which is why the percentages can add up to numbers greater than 100 Table 2. In-group favoritism amongst Dutch citizens who identify as… N Mean SD Min Max Median Muslim 234 0.30 0.23 0.02 0.98 0.27 Christian 143 0.27 0.21 0.02 1.00 0.24 Turkish 161 0.35 0.21 0.02 1.00 0.34 Moroccan 74 0.22 0.17 0.02 0.76 0.20 Surinamese 119 0.25 0.19 0.02 1.00 0.22 Hindustani 77 0.30 0.21 0.02 1.00 0.27 Levels of ethnic and religious in-group favouritism on a scale from 0 to 1. We asked respondents to answer the following questions on an 11-point scale: 1) In general, I prefer doing things with [ethnic or religious group] people. 2) The world would be a much better place if all other groups are like [ethnic or religious group] people. 3) I don’t think it is good to mix with people from other groups. 4) We should always put [ethnic or religious group] interests first and not be oversensitive about the interests of others. We conducted principal component analysis and the Chronbach Alpha for the ethnic scale was 0.87 and for the religion scale it was 0.80. Figure 1 demonstrates the relationship between ethnic and religious in-group favouritism. Ethnic and religious in-group favouritism are mildly related amongst Turkish-Dutch and Moroccan-Dutch citizens, yet there is ample evidence of citizens scoring high on one factor, and low on the other.
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