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48 1 Table 1. Continued. Publication Country Dataset Theory Race/ethnicity Carey et al., 2020 US Yes Unjust Black, Latinx Costa, 2021 US Yes Other Black, Latinx, Asian Dahl and Nyrup, 2021 Denmark Yes Useful & Unjust Immigrant (refcat Danish) Funck and Mccabe, 2021 US Yes Other Black, Latinx, Asian Gershon and Lavariega Monforti, 2021 US No Shared Black, Latinx Gutiérrez-Romero and LeBas, 2020 Kenya No Other Luo (refcat Kikiyu) Hainmueller et al., 2014 US Yes Other Black, Latinx, Asian, Native, Caucasian Kim, 2021 Kenya No Shared Both Kikuyu, Luhya, etc. Snagovsky et al., 2020 Australia No Useful Middle Eastern, Chinese, Indian, Born Kao and Benstead, 2021 Jordan Yes Shared Both same tribe Kaslovsky et al., 2021 US Yes Shared Black, Latinx Kevins, 2019 Canada Yes Unjust & Useful Asian Kirkland and Coppock, 2018 US Yes Useful Black, Latinx, Asian Krupnikov et al., 2016 US Yes Unjust Black Leeper and Robison, 2020 US Yes Other Black, Latinx, Asian Lemi, 2020 US Yes Shared Black, Latinx, Asian Lemi and Brown, 2019 US Yes Shared Darker woman (refcat lighter) Lerman and Sadin, 2016 US Yes Useful Black Manento and Testa, 2021 US Yes Useful Black, Latinx, Asian Mummolo et al., 2019 US Yes Other Black, Latinx Ono and Burden, 2019 US Yes Useful Black, Latinx, Asian Peterson, 2017 US Yes Useful Black, Latinx, Asian Sances, 2018 US Yes Useful Black, Latinx, Asian Sen, 2017 US No Useful Black, Latinx, Asian Snagovsky et al., 2020 Australia Yes Shared Born outside Australia (refcat born in) Visalvanich, 2017 US Yes Unjust Black, Latinx, Asian Weaver, 2012 US Yes Unjust Black 70 percent of the publications are from the US. We retrieved the original datasets for 81 percent of the publications. We categorized 12 publications as being part of the unjust stereotypes school, 12 publications as part of the useful stereotypes school and 10 as the shared identification school, some publications combine schools. See the theoretical framework for our distinction between these three schools of thought. See Appendix 1 for a list of all references of included publications.

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