55 1 Figure 4. How do voters assess Asian political candidates? n = 2268 | b = 0.023 n = 1941 | b = 0.042 n = 1941 | b = 0.001 n = 4496 | b = 0.008 n = 750 | b = 0.045 n = 257 | b = 0.009 n = 1941 | b = 0.028 n = 563 | b = 0.042 n = 563 | b = −0.018 n = 1103 | b = 0.027 n = 1740 | b = 0.002 n = 1129 | b = −0.01 n = 3057 | b = 0.029 n = 3057 | b = 0.008 n = 2870 | b = −0.015 n = 2870 | b = −0.007 n = 550 | b = −0.034 n = 550 | b = −0.016 n = 6242 | b = 0.02 n = 1248 | b = 0.046 n = 1248 | b = 0.008 n = 7920 | b = −0.016 n = 587 | b = −0.006 n = 1125 | b = −0.005 n = 412 | b = 0.03 n = 2540 | b = 0.016 n = 52968 | b = 0.008 Overall | Summary Random Effects Estimate | Choice and Rating Manento et al. 2021 | US | Choice Costa 2021 (study 2) | US | Rating Badas et al. 2021 | US | Choice Hainmueller et al. 2014 | US | Choice Sen 2017 | US | Rating Kirkland et al. 2018 (MTurk sample) | US | Choice Funck et al. 2021 | US | Choice Kevins 2019 | Canada | Rating Atkeson et al. 2020 | US | Choice Lemi et al. 2020 | US | Choice Visalvanich 2017 | US | Choice Costa 2021 (study 3) | US | Rating Costa 2021 (study 1) | US | Choice Kirkland et al. 2018 (MTurk sample) | US | Rating Manento et al. 2021 | US | Rating Kevins 2019 | US | Rating Badas et al. 2021 | US | Rating Sances 2021 | US | Choice Peterson et al. 2017 | US | Choice Kirkland et al. 2018 (YouGov sample) | US | Rating Kevins 2019 | UK | Rating Kirkland et al. 2018 (YouGov sample) | US | Choice Leeper et al. 2020 | US | Rating Ono et al. 2019 | US | Choice Hainmueller et al. 2014 | US | Rating Leeper et al. 2020 | US | Choice −0.2 0.0 0.2 Average effect size Study | Country | Dependent Variable Voters assess Asian political candidates more positively than majority (white) candidates. The overall effect size is 0.0076. On average, Asian candidates are at a significant advantage. We base this summary random effects estimate on 52.968 observations across 26 different studies/dependent variables. Figure 4: How do voters assess Asian political candidates?
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